Nigeria has the largest Muslim population in sub-Saharan Africa. Results and Discussions 3.1 Rainfall Onset Dates (ROD). Nigeria is affected by four climate types; these climate types are distinguishable, as one moves from the southern part of Nigeria to the northern part of Nigeria through Nigeria's middle belt. Temperatures in Nigeria vary according to the seasons of the year as with other lands found in the tropics. zones, including the rainfall type, annual rainfall accu-mulation, annual temperature, and vegetation type. Soil and climatic conditions contribute to the growing of cocoa, peanuts, oil palm, cotton and many tropical crops. The Mediterranean climate dominates at the N and S extremes. Due to their location in the tropics, this elevation is high enough to reach the temperate climate line in the tropics thereby giving the highlands, mountains and the plateau regions standing above this height, a cool mountain climate. The mass has no ability of forming rain due to low humidity within the airmass, since it crosses the Sahara Desert, it picks up dust instead of water thereby creating little chances for rainfall. Payments: Our website uses cutting-edge data encryption, fraud detection tools and all kinds of other advanced techniques to improve security. This territory extends to the internal coastal zones and the valleys of the rivers Benue and Niger. Upgrade to download 3 5. The Tropical monsoon climate has a very small temperature range. In Nigeria, the observable or well-known geographical features include the Obudu Plateau, Adamawa highlands, Jos Plateau, Mambilla Plateau, the Niger Delta basin, the Niger River and River Benue. Rainfall totals in central Nigeria varies from 1,100 mm (43.3 in) in the lowlands of the river Niger Benue trough to over 2,000 mm (78.7 in) along the south western escarpment of the Jos Plateau.[6]. Figure 4 relates growing season to vegetation type and farming system. Climatic Zones. In the southeast, it also shares a border with the breakaway state of Ambazonia. Vector Climate Map. An example of Tropical Continental is a warm air mass that forms over northern Mexico. 100% Outside Air Dehumidification Methods. The Climatic Zones of West Africa. These two major wind systems in Nigeria are known as the trade winds. Federal Republic of Nigeria: Capital: Abuja; note - on 12 December 1991 the capital was officially transferred from Lagos to Abuja; most federal government offices have now made the move to Abuja: Area: total: 923,768 sq km water: 13,000 sq km land: 910,768 sq km: Climate: varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north: Location: The vegetation of the Niger Delta consist mainly of forest swamps. It usually consists of a conventional map overlaid with colors representing climate zones. Favorable zones for the formation of such a soil are the coasts, flooded places and deltas. Vector eps City maps of the cities and countries of the world. Illustrator EPS vector maps 2020, Congo Democratic Republic Vector EPS maps, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMXKi01vRQw. This wind (the tropical maritime airmass) invades the country from February in the southern part of Nigeria while it takes longer for the wind to fully cover the whole of the country, reaching the northern part of Nigeria in June. Nigeria is a West African country comprising 36 states and a Federal Capital Territory in Abuja. In the southeast, it also shares a border with the breakaway state of Ambazonia. Divisions of the country into southern and northern regions done by the National Universities Commission are obviously too simplistic and lacking in scientific conviction. The high temperatures coupled with an increase in insolation causes a region of low pressure to develop over west Africa and Nigeria (between March to May). The rest of the southeast receives between 2,000 and 3,000 mm (118.1 in) of rain per year. The climate on these highlands is temperate all year round. The single dry season experienced in this climate, the tropical savanna climate in central Nigeria beginning from December to March, is hot and dry with the Harmattan wind, a continental tropical (CT) airmass laden with dust from the Sahara Desert prevailing throughout this period. The nature of this waves changes at about the 15 degrees line. Vector Climate Map. It is the 2,419 m high Chappal Waddi. We have provided 2 differing Climate zone maps of the US with varying levels of detail. More than 10 000 vector maps. The natural vegetative zones that exist in the country are governed by the combined effects of temperature, humidity, rainfall, and particularly, the variations that occur in the rainfall. These are summarised on the map below. Based on a 20-year baseline climate observation, it is forecasted that maize and other cereal crop yields will reduce by 7% by 2050. Our maps can be delivered in any version of Adobe Illustrator (from 5.5 to latest versions CS) or Macromedia (from 8.0 to MX). The southern region of Nigeria experiences a double rainfall maxima characterised by two high rainfall peaks, with a short dry season and a longer dry season falling between and after each peaks. Nigeria is divided into 36 states and Abuja, the federal capital territory. For example, if westerly Atlantic weather paterns blow across the whole of France, most of the country will expreience oceanic weather conditions. Agro-ecalogical zoning (AEZ), as applied in FAO studies, defines zones on the basis of combinations of soil, landform and climatic characteristics. it also outlines the storage condition for the drug substance. The coastal area in the Mangrove – The southern part of Nigeria experiences heavy and abundant rainfall. According to the ICH guidelines for stability studies, the climate of the world is divided into five different zones. Zones and climates. Temperatures rarely exceed 32° C (90° F), but humidity is very high and nights are hot. In Geography Environments. given the different climatic conditions in the world, climatic zones are defined and classified. It will also not be good for architectural building design. These are the dry season and the rainy season. Click on a state in the map to view more details about the state. The north temperate zone extends from (approximately 23.5° north) to the Arctic Circle (approximately 66.5° north latitude). 3. Bonny town found in the coastal region of the Niger delta area in southern Nigeria receives well over 4,000 mm (157.5 in) of rainfall annually. The world has several climatic zones. km has a physical setting which arises from an amalgam of factors relating to location, geology, climate as well as the intensity of resources exploitation in the area. The sun's rays enters into the atmosphere of Nigeria more intense than it does during the presence of the Tropical continental airmass, which contained dust (in form of haze) that reduced the intensity of the sun. [13], The savannah zone's three categories are divided into mm' Guinean forest-savanna mosaic, made up of plains of tall grass which are interrupted by trees, the most common across the country; Sudan savannah, similar but with shorter grasses and shorter trees; and Sahel savannah patches of grass and sand, found in the northeast.[13]. About 70% of Nigeria's crude oil and gas production is from the area. West to East zonation patterns in Nigeria is characterized by the clear transition between one belt and another. 1: 1979 Vegetation Map of Nigeria. In our maps you can see different climates in the country. It is our cheaper option, but maybe is enough for your project. climate zones (Figure 1). Ngo, M. B. E. "Human Rights Issues in Cameroon in the Case of the Independentists Arrested in Nigeria and Extradited to Cameroon." The far south features a tropical rainforest climate with yearly rainfall of 60-80 inches a year. Its coast lies on the Gulf of Guinea in the south and it borders Lake Chad to the northeast. ... Each state also has a house of assembly whose members are also elected from zones in the state. The world has several climate zones. The extent of climate zones is approximate, and varies according to prevailing weather patterns. To the southwest of the Niger there is "rugged" highland, and to the southeast of the Benue hills and mountains are found all the way to the border with Cameroon. This is an illustration of the climate zones within the United States. of the year as with other lands found in the tropics. Add. According to the Koppen climate classification , Nigeria has four climatic zones: the warm desert climate in the northeast, the warm semiarid climate in the other parts of the north, the monsoon climate in the Niger-Delta, and the tropical savannah climate in the middle belt and parts of the southwest. Lagos, the capital of Nigeria, is located on the Atlantic coast of the country. Nigeria's most expansive topographical region is that of the valleys of the Niger and Benue River valleys (which merge into each other and form a "y" shaped confluence at Lokoja). The whole of West Africa is heated intensely as result of the increased insolation received from the sun being overhead over west Africa. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout the year and more distinct seasonal changes compared to tropical climates, where such variations are often small.. A significant Shia minority exists (see Shia in Nigeria). Nigeria climate map. These are summarised on the map below. The tropical maritime airmass (MT) is responsible for Nigeria's rainy season. Niger Delta cities and their annually rainfall totals in millimeters: Nigeria is covered by three types of vegetation: forests (where there is significant tree cover), savannahs (insignificant tree cover, with grasses and flowers located between trees), and montane land. Remote Sensing and Vegetation Mapping ... with high resolution are better adapted to large scale map production. The rainy season in the northern part of Nigeria last for only three to four months (June–September). There are also Ahmadiyya and Mahdiyya minorities. Hence, this study investigates change detection in rainfall pattern over each climatic zone of Nigeria. The earth has six different climate zones. To begin, Nigeria's southern… Then temperature ranges are almost constant throughout the year, for example, Warri town in the southern part of Nigeria, records a maximum of 28 °C (82.4 °F) for its hottest month while its lowest temperature is 26 °C (78.8 °F) in its coldest month. So you can reproduce the maps as many times as you like! City Maps' database has been created with digital formats, mainly Macromedia Freehand (eps) and Adobe Illustrator (ai), which makes it easy to adapt to the new standards. [8] The overheating of the west Africa land mass and Nigeria in particular creates a low pressure region over west Africa and Nigeria. The Niger Delta is located in the southern part of Nigeria. In fact, there is a rainy season due to the African monsoon, which is progressively longer and more intense from north to south. This means that there is a one off cost for the digital file without having to pay any extra costs for reproduction, reprinting or any other product usage. Temperate weather conditions occur on the highlands along the Nigeria Cameroon border, in the eastern part of Nigeria. tropical savanna climate or tropical wet and dry climate, Alpine climate or highland climate or mountain climate, http://iahs.info/redbooks/a281/iahs_281_277.pdf, http://sunday.dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3565:maiduguri-residents-how-we-cope-under-harsh-48-degree-celsius&catid=41:latest-news&Itemid=26, "Nigeria: Late dust (harmattan) storm covers the country (Google / AP)", "EARTH OBSERVATION Researchers Seeing Double On African Monsoons", "The Human and Physical Characteristics of Nigeria", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Nigeria&oldid=993034795, Articles to be expanded from January 2011, Articles to be expanded from September 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Northernmost point – unnamed location on the border with, Easternmost point – unnamed location on the border with, Southernmost point – unnamed headland south of the town of, Westernmost point – unnamed location on the border with, This page was last edited on 8 December 2020, at 13:05. Vegetation zones in Nigeria and their features Natural resources and natural vegetation of Nigeria are favorable for economic activity. The classification is based on maximum and minimum temperatures and the temperature range as well as the total and seasonal distribution of precipitation. Automatically via email. (The latter is the least common, and is mainly found in the mountains near the Cameroon border.) The five main latitude regions of Earth's surface comprise geographical zones, divided by the major circles of latitude.The differences between them relate to climate.They are as follows: The North Frigid Zone, between the North Pole at 90° N and the Arctic Circle at 66° 33' N, covers 4.12% of Earth's surface. Climate change in Ghana will have wide-reaching impacts on the country.Because the sits at the intersection of three hydro-climatic zones, the climate of Ghana is expected to become incredibly variable. border countries: Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km: Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Terrain: predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north: Elevation extremes: lowest point: Niger River 200 m highest point: Mont Bagzane 2,022 m In our maps you can see different climates in the country. Highlands in these region attain an average height of more than 1,524 m (5,000 ft) to some standing above 2,000 metres (6,562 ft) above sea level. However, when basic climatic information is given for any location in Nigeria, the proposed system can be used to determine the climatic design zone [42]. Climate Type Climatic Zones 1. Nigeria is a country in the Western region of the African continent; Noted geographical features in include the Adamawa highlands, Mambilla Plateau, Jos Plateau, Obudu Plateau, the Niger River, River Benue and Niger Delta. ClimateZone Maps of United States: Hardiness Zone Map. The dry season of Nigeria is a period of little cloud cover in the southern part of Nigeria to virtually no cloud cover in the northern part of Nigeria. The annual rainfall received in this region is very high, usually above the 2,000 mm (78.7 in) rainfall totals giving for tropical rainforest climates worldwide. Location and Geology: Borno, the most north-easterly state in Nigeria, with an area of 69,435 sq. The dry season is accompanied by a dust laden airmass from the Sahara Desert, locally known as Harmattan, or by its main name, The Tropical Continental (CT) airmass, while the rainy season is heavily influenced by an airmass originating from the south Atlantic ocean, locally known as the south western wind, or by its main name, The Tropical Maritime (MT) airmass. [1] Noted geographical features in Nigeria include the Adamawa highlands, Mambilla Plateau, Jos Plateau, Obudu Plateau, the Niger River, River Benue and Niger Delta. Its coast lies on the Gulf of Guinea in the south and it borders Lake Chad to the northeast. Trade Center 08173 Barcelona, Helping you online 24 X 7: Email: [email protected], © A City Map. The Tropical continental airmass (CT) finally retreats from most part of Nigeria, and the West African atmosphere around April to May, leaving an empty atmosphere over Nigeria. This describes the coastal strip and the region around Lake Victoria. The middle belt of Nigeria contains the most of the minority ethnic groups in Nigeria and they are mostly Christians and members of traditional religions with few Muslim converts. The northward retreat of the tropical continental airmass (CT), is caused by the sun's northward shift from the tropic of capricorn in the southern hemisphere to the tropic of cancer in the northern hemisphere. Most Sufis follow the Qadiriyya, Tijaniyyah or Mouride movement. The airmass makes life difficult as a result of low visibility which hampers transportation. The forest are of two types, nearest the sea is a belt of saline and brackish Mangrove swamp separated from the sea by sand beach ridges within the mangrove swamp. Climate Zones of World Map; View Political World Map with countries boundaries of all independent nations as well as some dependent territories. Annual rainfall totals are lower compared to the southern and central part of Nigeria. In this post, we take a look at the 36 states of the country. Nigeria, like the rest of West Africa and other tropical lands, has only two seasons. This break is broken by the short rainy season starting around early September and lasting to mid October with a peak period at the end of September. gical and climatic parameters using Geographic Infor-mation System (GIS) to derive the eco-climatic map that will depict the eco-climatic condition in quantitative terms is crucial for sustainability of natural resources. The dataset is one of the outputs of a complete GIS mapping study to calculate the hydropower potential of all West African rivers. Vector Climate Map. But with the withdrawal of this wind around March to April following the onset of the rainy season, temperatures can go as high as 44 °C (111.2 °F) in some parts of Nigeria.[11]. Figure 1 presents the map of Africa and the boundary OMOTOSHO ET AL. Nigeria Climatic Zones. The Tropical continental airmass (CT) from the Sahara Desert in the northern part of west Africa, is weakened due to the overheating of the land surface in west Africa and Nigeria at this time. The swamps are vegetated tidal flats formed by a reticulate pattern of interconnected meandering creeks and tributaries of the Niger River. Naturally, their characteristics reflect the climatic conditions in the particular area. Africa - Africa - Climate: A number of factors influence the climate of the African continent. The Arid Zone A climate map is a graphical representation of the distribution of the prevailing weather patterns in a given area that has been observed over a long period. The sun is overhead throughout west Africa and over Nigeria during this period of the sun's northward migration to the tropic of cancer in the northern hemisphere. The haze is as a result of the dust within the airmass limiting visibility and blocking much of the sun's rays from reaching the earth. There are several types of maps including thematic maps, topographic maps, road maps, and climate maps among other maps. Some northern states have incorporated Sharia law into their previously secular legal systems, which has brought about some controversy. These maps normally use colors to show different climatic … Second, the near bisection of the continent by the Equator results in a largely symmetrical arrangement of climatic zones on either side. The Sahel climate or tropical dry climate, is the predominant climate type in the northern part of Nigeria. The old map, 1960. These are summarised on the map below. These maps can show things like the specific climatic zones of an area based on the temperature, the amount of snow an area receives, or the average number of cloudy days. The waves that pass south of this line carry moisture and create convection that leads to rain clouds. Temperatures are above 18 °C (64 °F) throughout the year. In sub-Saharan Africa, storm surge zones are concentrated in four nations including Nigeria where half of the region’s surge zones resulting from sea level rise and violent storms originate. This climate, the tropical savanna climate exhibits a well marked rainy season and a dry season with a single peak known as the summer maximum due to its distance from the equator. What are the major changes? Köppen climate classification, widely used, vegetation-based, empirical climate classification system developed by German botanist-climatologist Wladimir Köppen.His aim was to devise formulas that would define climatic boundaries in such a way as to correspond to those of the vegetation zones that were being mapped for the first time during his lifetime. Annual rainfall totals vary from 2,400 to over 4,000 millimeters. The south temperate zone extends from (approximately 23.5° south) to the Antarctic Circle (approximately 66.5° south).. Map of Nigeria. During the dominance of the Tropical Maritime Airmass (MT) in the rainy season of Nigeria, mornings are bright and sunny, the sun's heating of the land in the mornings and afternoons sets up convectional currents, these currents rise vertically and cumulonimbus clouds are formed, by afternoons to evenings, torrential downpour follows. Convectional currents are easily set up within the airmass whenever there is little instability in the airmass as a result of a slight to a very high orographic uplift in mountainous regions like the obudu plateau or the heating of the land which can trigger the formation of cumulonimbus cloud leading to thunderstorms within the airmass. Portions of this site are based on the CIA World Fact Book, a public-domain work All of our maps are royalty free. Types Of Vegetation In Nigeria Climate; Nigeria is situated in the area where the climate is usually the training period and dry season. Primary Sidebar These are summarised on the map below. The extra climate zone, labeled "H" on this map, is a special zone called the highlands. Nigeria, the most populous African country (with a population of over 182 million in 2015), is nearly equally divided between Christianity and Islam, though the exact ratio is uncertain. The different vegetation zones in Nigeria is greatly influenced by the varying climatic conditions across the country. These storms are usually convectional in nature due to the regions proximity, to the equatorial belt. Nigeria - Nigeria - Climate: Nigeria has a tropical climate with variable rainy and dry seasons, depending on location. Highlands with the alpine climate in Nigeria, are well over 1,520 metres (4,987 ft) above sea level. A climate map provides an overview of the climatic features over a larg… Fresh water swamps gradually supersede the mangrove on the landward side. The USDA Hardiness Zone Map divides North America into 11 separate planting zones; each growing zone is 10°F warmer (or colder) in an average winter than the adjacent zone. The study area contains 17 gridded locations randomly selected and spreading across different climatic zones over Nigeria as shown in figure 1. World's continents, historical maps, world spoken languages, physical map and satellite images. Nigeria climate map. Its invasion is as a result of the northward retreat, of the tropical continental airmass (CT) known as the harmattan. In the middle of the dry season around December, a dusty wind from the Sahara Desert called the Harmattan enters Nigeria from the northeastern part of the country blocking sun rays partially from shining and also creating haze in the atmosphere, this activities of the wind lowers temperatures considerably saving inhabitants for sometime, from the scorching heat that would have occurred as a result of clearer skies during the dry season. Islam dominates the north and has a number of supporters in the southwestern, Yoruba part of the country. A more sophisticated approach has been followed by Sunset which defines Climate Zone Maps based not only on hardiness or heat tolerance, but also on precipitations, wind, humidity and various other climate related factors. You just need to choose your option below. [13], Some of the forest zone's most southerly portion, especially around the Niger River and Cross River deltas, is mangrove swamp (see Central African mangroves). But afternoons in the rainy season can be hot and humid, a feature of tropical climates. Temperatures remain steadily hot for most of the year, but on the beach the humidity is kept at bay by the ocean breeze. The first rainy season begins around March and last to the end of July with a peak in June, this rainy season is followed by a short dry break in August known as the August break which is a short dry season lasting for two to three weeks in August. hence it is crucial to know the storage conditions. The five main latitude regions of Earth's surface comprise geographical zones, divided by the major circles of latitude.The differences between them relate to climate.They are as follows: The North Frigid Zone, between the North Pole at 90° N and the Arctic Circle at 66° 33' N, covers 4.12% of Earth's surface. Map of the World's Climate Zones. Federal Republic of Nigeria: Capital: Abuja; note - on 12 December 1991 the capital was officially transferred from Lagos to Abuja; most federal government offices have now made the move to Abuja: Area: total: 923,768 sq km water: 13,000 sq km land: 910,768 sq km: Climate: varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north: Location: The majority of Quranists follow the Kalo Kato or Quraniyyun movement. 3. The Tropical Continental Airmass (CT) locally known as the Harmattan, is a wind originating from North Africa which crosses the Sahara Desert into west Africa to Nigeria. 1-04 and ASHRAE 90. (Image courtesy of the UK Meteorological Office) The classification is based on maximum and minimum temperatures and the temperature range as well as the total and seasonal distribution of precipitation. Also, the agro climate zones in India are demarcated according to the climatic condition of a particular region. [9] Nigeria's northern end is south of the 15 degrees line at about 14 degrees. From the north down to the southern part of the country, there are distinguishing temperature changes, atmospheric conditions, and other geographical factors which brings about these variation in vegetation. This period starts from late October and lasts until early March with peak dry conditions between early December and late February.[3]. Potiskum, Yobe State in the northeast of Nigeria recorded Nigeria’s lowest ever temperature of 2.8 °C (37.0 °F). Map of Nigeria Showing the 36 States. This climate is influenced by the monsoons originating from the South Atlantic ocean, which is brought into the country by the (maritime tropical) MT airmass, a warm moist sea to land seasonal wind. of the Climate Zone Map The 2006 code made a dramatic shift in the classification of climate zones. The world has several climatic zones. Nigeria’s geographical coordinates are 10˚00'N, 8˚00'E. ASHRAE identified 38 climate zones for 240 cities, and IECC used 33 climate zones based on counties. Coordinates: 10°00′N 8°00′E / 10.00°N 8.00°E / 10.00; 8.00, Effects of the tropical continental airmass. The major highlands in this region are the Obudu Plateau above 1,584 m (5,197 ft), Mambilla Plateau above 1,524 m (5,000 ft) and Mt. stability studies give the shelf life of the drug or the product. Flood Map shows the map of the area which could get flooded if the water level rises to a particular elevation. Numerous sandy islands occur with fresh water vegetation. Change detection in rainfall pattern over each climatic zone of Nigeria recorded Nigeria ’ s surface is! Of the country as shown in figure 1 are suitable to the seasons of the.... And Geology: Borno, the near bisection of the northward retreat of! The capital of Nigeria overview of the increased insolation received from the which. 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